![]() Nuclear materials cannot be dumped into oceans or left anywhere as they will contaminate the environment through soil and water. The best place for the preservation is in the bottom of old salt mines which are countless meters below the surface area of Earth. Proper arrangements need to preserve nuclear disposal. The radiations from these used fuels are very hazardous and harmful for livings. Their half-life is about thousands of years. In the utilized fuel, there is a large number of radioactive materials. The utilized fuel is then removed from the reactor and fresh fuel is fed into the reactor. The nuclear fuel once used for charging the reactor works for a few months. In this case, refueling is at periods of 12, 18, or 24 months, when a quarter to a third of the fuel assemblies are replaced with fresh ones. Many reactors need to be closed down for refueling so that the reactor vessel can be opened. It is usually a meter-thick concrete and steel structure. The structure around the reactor and associated steam generators are developed to protect it from outdoor intrusion and to safeguard that outside from the effects of radiation in case of any major breakdown inside. Usually, a robust steel vessel containing the reactor core and moderator/coolant, but it may be a series of tubes holding the fuel and conveying the coolant through the surrounding moderator. To cool this steam generally water from river or sea is utilized. The temperature of the steam coming out of the turbine is 300 ᵒC. When this very hot water is traveled through the heat exchanger where water is converted into steam to run the turbine and produce electrical power with the help of a generator. Water is pumped into the reactor under high pressure to gather heat. When fission takes place in the core, heat is produced and the temperature is as high as 1200 ᵒC. In some reactors, unique control rods are utilized to allow the core to sustain a low level of power effectively. The nuclear reactor is the heart of any n uclear power plant.These are made with neutron-absorbing material such as cadmium, hafnium or boron, and are inserted or withdrawn from the core to control the rate of reaction, or to stop it. ![]() Nuclear reactor explanation and fundamentals Lastly, green renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power can't produce nearly as much energy as Nuclear and are usually dependent on weather conditions. Also, nuclear fuels such as uranium are far denser than traditional fossil fuels, so much less waste is physically produced. While the waste produced by nuclear reactors is toxic, the radioactive waste will eventually decay into harmless substances such as lead, even though this might take up to 1 million years. Nuclear power has several advantages over non-renewable energy sources. ![]() For example, one kilogram of uranium-235 can provide between two and three million times the amount of energy as an equivalent kilogram of coal! If the public's concerns over safety could be alleviated and the technology perfected, then nuclear power would free us from reliance on our limited reserves of polluting fossil fuels. Conservative Forces and Potential EnergyĪn immense amount of energy is contained within the nucleus of atoms.Total Internal Reflection in Optical Fibre.Newton’s and Huygens’ Theories of Light.Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity.Centripetal Acceleration and Centripetal Force.Electromagnetic Radiation and Quantum Phenomena.Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa Experiment.Mechanical Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion.Kinetic Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion.Displacement, Time and Average Velocity.Magnetic Flux and Magnetic Flux Linkage.Potential Energy and Energy Conservation.Conservative and Non Conservative Forces.
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